Ubuntu安装后传

ubuntu安装之后要处理的软件安装和备份

替换阿里源

  1. cd /etc/apt
  2. sudo cp sources.list sources.list.bak
  3. sudo vim sources.list
  4. 删除原来的源，替换成下面的三个源
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# 阿里源
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
# 东北大学
deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
# 清华大学
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

  1. 替换好源之后，执行sudo apt-get update 　更新

    ​

清理不常用软件

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sudo apt-get remove libreoffice-common	
sudo apt-get remove unity-webapps-common 
sudo apt-get remove thunderbird totem rhythmbox empathy brasero simple-scan gnome-mahjongg aisleriot 
sudo apt-get remove gnome-mines cheese transmission-common gnome-orca webbrowser-app gnome-sudoku  landscape-client-ui-install  
sudo apt-get remove onboard deja-dup

更新Ｈome目录中文名称为英文

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> export LANG=en_US
> xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update
这时候会弹出界面，让我们选择是否更新名称，　选择是即可
> export LANG=zh_CN
重启，会再次提示是否修改，　这时候，我们选择不修改，保留英文即可。　然后选择不再提示

禁用宾客会话

如果没有lightdm.conf 那么就新建一个
sudo vim /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

接着将这段代码复制黏贴

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[SeatDefaults]
greeter-session=unity-greeter
allow-guest=false

保存之后，重启一下lightdm　就不会有来宾账号了

service lightdm restart

安装常用软件

常用软件安装到SSD, 像idea和jdk也都拷贝到SSD上

安装Typora

直接复制执行即可。如果安装没成功，重新执行一遍

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# optional, but recommended
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys BA300B7755AFCFAE
# add Typora's repository
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb https://typora.io ./linux/'
sudo apt-get update
# install typora
sudo apt-get install typora

安装网易云音乐

  1. 到官网下载 .deb软件包

  2. 重新配置依赖

    sudo apt-get -f install

  3. sudo dpkg -i netease-cloud-music_1.0.0_amd64_ubuntu16.04.deb

安装之后就可以在 Dash中搜索到云音乐了，　或者执行> netease-cloud-music 就可以启动网易云音乐了

安装JDK

官网下载linux_jdk1.8_x64，　解压

配置环境变量

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> sudo vim /etc/profile
# 将下面的环境变量设置拷贝到.profile文件的末尾
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_55   
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre  
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib  
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
# 执行source命令，让环境变量立刻生效
> source /etc/profile
> java -version

安装IDEA

官网下载IDEA　Linux版，执行　bin/idea.sh　即可启动

IDEA2016 注册码:

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安装Hexo

  1. nodejs官网下载最新的版本，解压，然后将bin目录添加到 /etc/profile　文件中
  2. 安装npm , sudo apt-get install npm
  3. npm升级到最新， npm i -g npm@latest
  4. npm install -g hexo-cli

替换hosts文件

https://laod.cn/hosts/2017-google-hosts.html

(网盘备份)

备份和还原Ubuntu

备份系统

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# su root
# tar cvpzf backup.tar.gz --exclude=/proc --exclude=/lost+found --exclude=/backup.tar.gz --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/sys --exclude=/media --exclude=/cdrom --exclude=/tmp  /

“tar”当然就是我们备份系统所使用的程序了。

“cvpfz”是tar的选项，意思是“创建档案文件”、“保持权限”(保留所有东西原来的权限)、“使用gzip来减小文件尺寸”。

“backup.tar.gz”是我们将要得到的档案文件的文件名。

“/”是我们要备份的目录，在这里是整个文件系统。

在 档案文件名“backup.gz”和要备份的目录名“/”之间给出了备份时必须排除在外的目录。有些目录是无用的，例如“/proc”、“/lost+ found”、“/sys”。当然，“backup.gz”这个档案文件本身必须排除在外，否则你可能会得到一些超出常理的结果。如果不把“/mnt”排 除在外，那么挂载在“/mnt”上的其它分区也会被备份。另外需要确认一下“/media”上没有挂载任何东西(例如光盘、移动硬盘)，如果有挂载东西， 必须把“/media”也排除在外。

还原系统

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# su root
# tar xvpfz backup.tar.gz -C /	
# 恢复命令结束时，你的工作还没完成，别忘了重新创建那些在备份时被排除在外的目录：
# mkdir proc
# mkdir lost+found
# mkdir mnt
# mkdir sys
# mkdir media
# mkdir cdrom
# mkdir tmp

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转载请注明出处！ 原文地址： http://webinglin.github.io

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2017-01-14
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